Pediatric Neurology
Volume 25, Issue 2 , Pages 148-155 , August 2001

Iron in the Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome

  • Arnulf H Koeppen, MD

      Affiliations

    • Neurology, VA Medical Center; Albany, NY; USA
    • Research Services; VA Medical Center; Albany, NY; USA
    • Department of Neurology; Albany Medical College; Albany, New York; USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCommunications should be addressed to: Dr. Koeppen; VA Medical Center; 113 Holland Avenue; Albany, NY 12208
    • ,
  • Andrew C Dickson, BA

      Affiliations

    • Research Services; VA Medical Center; Albany, NY; USA

Received 20 November 2000 ,Accepted 14 February 2001.

References 

  1. Spatz H. Über den Eisennachweis in Gehirn, besonders in Zentren des extrapyramidal-motorischen Systems. Zeitschr Ges Neurol Psychiat. 1922;77:261–390
  2. Vakili S, Drew AL, Von Schuching S, Becker D, Zeman W. Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome. Arch Neurol. 1977;34:729–738
  3. Gallucci M, Cardona F, Arachi M, Splendiani A, Bozzao A, Passariello R. Follow-up MR studies in Hallervorden-Spatz disease. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1990;14:118–120
  4. Savoiardo M, Halliday WC, Nardocci N, Strada L, D’Incerti L, Angelini L, et al. Hallervorden-Spatz disease (MR and pathologic findings). Am J Neuroradiol. 1993;14:155–162
  5. Hallervorden J, Spatz H. Eigenartige Erkrankung im extrapyramidalen System mit besonderer Beteiligung des Globus pallidus und der Substantia nigra. Zeitschr Ges Neurol Psychiat. 1922;79:254–302
  6. Seitelberger F. Die Hallervorden-Spatzsche Krankheit. Nervenarzt. 1966;37:482–493
  7. Jellinger K. Neuroaxonal dystrophy (Its natural history and related disorders). In:  Zimmerman HM editors. Progress in neuropathology. vol. 2:New York: Grune & Stratton; 1973;p. 129–180
  8. Seitelberger F, Jellinger K. Neuroaxonal dystrophy and Hallervorden-Spatz disease. In:  Goldensohn ES,  Appel SH editor. Scientific approaches to clinical neurology. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger; 1977;p. 1052–1072
  9. Koeppen AH. The history of iron in the brain. J Neurol Sci. 1995;134(Suppl.):1–9
  10. Guizzetti P. Principali resultati dell’applicazione grossolana a fresco delle reazione istochimiche del ferro sul sistema nervoso centrale dell’uomo e di alcuni mammiferi domestici. Riv Patol Nerv Ment. 1915;20:103–117
  11. Perls M. Nachweis von Eisenoxyd in gewissen Pigmenten. Virchows Arch Pathol Anat Physiol Klin Med. 1867;39:42–48
  12. Nguyen-Legros J, Bizot J, Bolesse M, Pulicani J-P. “Noir de diaminobenzidine” (Une nouvelle méthode histochimique de révélation du fer exogène). Histochemistry. 1980;66:239–244
  13. Hill JM, Switzer RC. The regional distribution and cellular localization of iron in the rat brain. Neuroscience. 1984;11:595–603
  14. Diezel B. Iron in the brain (A chemical and histochemical examination). In:  Waelsch H editors. Biochemistry of the developing nervous system. New York: Academic Press; 1955;p. 145–152
  15. Connor JR, Menzies SL. Cellular management of iron in the brain. J Neurol Sci. 1995;134(Suppl):33–44
  16. Patino MM, Walden WE. Cloning of a functional cDNA for the rabbit ferritin mRNA repressor protein. J Biol Chem. 1992;267:19011–19016
  17. Guo B, Brown FM, Phillips JD, Yu Y, Leibold EA. Characterization and expression of iron regulatory protein 2 (IRP2). J Biol Chem. 1995;270:16529–16535
  18. Dwork AJ, Schon EA, Herbert J. Nonidentical distribution of transferrin and ferric iron in human brain. Neuroscience. 1988;27:333–345
  19. Koeppen AH, Dickson AC, McEvoy JA. The heterogeneous distribution of brain transferrin. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1995;54:395–403
  20. Vidal S, Belouchi A-M, Cellier M, Beatty B, Gros P. Cloning and characterization of a second human NRAMP gene on chromosome 12q13. Mamm Genome. 1995;6:224–230
  21. Gunshin H, Mackenzie B, Berger UV, et al.  Cloning and characterization of a mammalian proton-coupled metal ion transporter. Nature. 1997;388:482–488
  22. Kishi F, Tabuchi M. Human natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2 (Gene cloning and protein identification). Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1998;251:775–783
  23. Dwork AJ. Effects of diet and development upon the uptake and distribution of cerebral iron. J Neurol Sci. 1995;134(Suppl):45–51
  24. Dwork AJ, Lawler G, Zybert PA, et al.  An autoradiographic study of the uptake and distribution of iron by the brain of the young rat. Brain Res. 1990;518:31–39
  25. Dallman PR, Stimes MA, Manies EC. Brain iron (Persistent deficiency following short-term iron deprivation in the young rat). Br J Haematol. 1975;31:209–215
  26. Hallgren B, Sourander P. The effect of age on the non-haemin iron in the human brain. J Neurochem. 1958;3:41–51
  27. Morris CM, Candy JM, Keith AB, et al.  Brain iron homeostasis. J Inorg Biochem. 1992;47:257–265
  28. Cammermeyer J. Deposition of iron in the paraventricular areas of the human brain in hemochromatosis. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1947;6:111–127
  29. McDougal DB, Adams RD. The neuropathological changes in hemochromatosis. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1950;9:117–118
  30. Kawanami T, Kato T, Daimon M, et al.  Hereditary caeruloplasmin deficiency (clinicopathological study of a patient). J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1996;61:506–509
  31. Morita H, Ikeda S-I, Yamamoto K, et al.  Hereditary ceruloplasmin deficiency with hemosiderosis (A clinicopathological study of a Japanese family). Ann Neurol. 1995;37:646–656
  32. Ewing JF, Maines MD. Rapid induction of heme oxygenase-1 mRNA and protein by hyperthermia in rat brain (Heme oxygenase 2 is not a heat shock protein). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1991;88:5364–5368
  33. Koeppen AH, Dickson AC, McEvoy JA. The cellular reactions to experimental intracerebral hemorrhage. J Neurol Sci. 1995;134(Suppl.):102–112
  34. Neumann E. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der pathologischen Pigmente. Virchows Arch Path Anat Physiol Klin Med. 1888;111:25–47
  35. Dooling EC, Schoene WC, Richardson EP. Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome. Arch Neurol. 1974;30:70–83
  36. Swaiman KF. Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome and brain iron metabolism. Arch Neurol. 1991;48:1285–1293
  37. Wigboldus JM, Bruyn GW. Hallervorden-Spatz disease. In:  Vinken PJ,  Bruyn GW editor. Handbook of clinical neurology. vol. 6:Amsterdam: North Holland; 1968;p. 604–631
  38. Halliday W. The nosology of Hallervorden-Spatz disease. J Neurol Sci. 1995;134(Suppl.):84–91
  39. Wakabayashi K, Yoshimoto M, Fukushima T, et al.  Widespread occurrence of α-synuclein/NACP-immunoreactive neuronal inclusions in juvenile and adult-onset Hallervorden-Spatz disease with Lewy bodies. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 1999;25:363–368
  40. Taylor TD, Litt M, Kramer P, et al.  Homozygosity mapping of Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome to chromosome 20p12.3-p13. Nat Genet. 1996;14:479–481
  41. Gibb WRG. Neuropathology in movement disorders. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1989;(Suppl):55–67
  42. Kawai J, Sasahara M, Hazama F, et al.  Pallidonigroluysian degeneration with iron deposition (A study of three autopsy cases). Acta Neuropathol (Berl). 1993;86:609–616
  43. Yamamoto T, Kawamura J, Hashimoto S, et al.  Pallido-nigro-luysian atrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy and adult onset Hallervorden-Spatz disease (A case of akinesia as a predominant feature of parkinsonism). J Neurol Sci. 1991;101:98–106

PII: S0887-8994(01)00269-7

Pediatric Neurology
Volume 25, Issue 2 , Pages 148-155 , August 2001

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution