Thyroid hormones in epileptic children receiving carbamazepine and valproic acid

Abstract 

Carbamazepine and valproic acid are effective antiepileptic drugs for treating many types of epilepsy. Although they are well tolerated, many effects on endocrine function have been reported. Changes in serum thyroid hormones levels in 37 children with epilepsy during carbamazepine and valproic acid therapy were analyzed, and the thyroid hormone concentration after thyrotropin-releasing hormone test was evaluated. Serum thyroxine and free thyroxine levels were significantly lower in patients treated with carbamazepine and carbamazepine plus valproic acid than in the control subjects; serum thyroxine and free thyroxine concentrations were unaffected by valproic acid monotherapy. Serum triiodothyronine and free triiodothyronine concentrations were similar in the three groups of patients studied. Thyroid-stimulating hormone serum levels were normal in all patients, and the thyrotropin responses to the thyrotropin-releasing hormone were similar to control group. Our data suggest that children treated with carbamazepine may have subclinical signs of hypothyroidism, and these changes are more evident if carbamazepine is given in association with valproic acid, while no alteration in thyroid hormones can be found with valproic acid monotherapy. Thyroid-stimulating hormone and thyrotropin-releasing hormone levels do not seem to be affected by these drugs, suggesting that hypothalamic function is not affected in these children.