Pediatric Neurology
Volume 25, Issue 4 , Pages 295-303 , October 2001

Radiologic-pathologic correlation in focal cortical dysplasia and hemimegalencephaly in 18 children

  • Chris L.F. Woo, MBBS

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationCommunications should be addressed to: Dr. Woo c/o Dr. Becker; Division of Pathology; The Hospital for Sick Children; 555 University Avenue; Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
    • Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    • ,
  • Sylvester H. Chuang, MD

      Affiliations

    • Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    • ,
  • Laurence E. Becker, MD

      Affiliations

    • Division of Pathology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    • ,
  • Venita Jay, MD

      Affiliations

    • Division of Pathology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    • ,
  • Hiroshi Otsubo, MD

      Affiliations

    • Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    • ,
  • James T. Rutka, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    • ,
  • O.Carter Snead III, MD

      Affiliations

    • Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Received 28 December 2000 ,Accepted 16 May 2001.

References 

  1. Stewart RM, Richman DP, Caviness VS. Lissencephaly and pachygyria: An architectonic and topographical analysis. Acta Neuropath (Berl). 1975;31:1–12
  2. Barth PG. Disorders of cerebral migration. Can J Neurol Sci. 1987;14:1–16
  3. Rakic P. Specification of cerebral cortical areas. Science. 1988;241:170–176
  4. Friede RL. Dysplasia of cerebral cortex. In:  Friede RL editors. Developmental neuropathology. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 1975;p. 297–313
  5. Kuzniecky RI. Magnetic resonance imaging in developmental disorders of the cerebral cortex. Epilepsia. 1994;35(Suppl 6):S44–S56
  6. Taylor DC, Falconer MA, Bruton CJ, Corsellis J. Focal dysplasia of the cerebral cortex in epilepsy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1971;34:369–387
  7. Dobyns WB, Truwit CL. Lissencephaly and other malformations of cortical development (1995 update). Neuropediatrics. 1995;26:132–147
  8. Ferrie CD, Jackson GD, Giannakodimos S, Panayiotopoulos CP. Posterior agyria-pachygyria with polymicrogyria (Evidence of inherited neuronal migration disorder). Neurology. 1995;45:150–153
  9. Barkovich AJ, Chuang SH, Norman D. MR of neuronal migration anomalies. Am J Neuroradiol. 1987;8:1009–1017
  10. Livingston J, Aicardi J. Unusual MRI appearance of diffuse subcortical heterotopia or “double cortex” in two children. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1990;33:617–620
  11. Kuzniecky RI, Powers R. Epilepsia partialis continua due to cortical dysplasia. J Child Neurol. 1993;8:386–388
  12. Palmini A, Andermann F, Olivier A, et al.  Neuronal migration disorders. A contribution of modern neuroimaging to the etiological diagnosis of epilepsy. Can J Neurol Sci. 1991;18:580–587
  13. Leventer RJ, Phelan EM, Coleman LT, Kean MJ, Jackson GD, Harvey AS. Clinical and imaging features of cortical malformations in childhood. Neurology. 1999;53:715–722
  14. Lee BCP, Schmidt RE, Hatfield GA, Bourgeois B, Park TS. MRI of focal cortical dysplasia. Neuroradiology. 1998;40:675–683
  15. Yagishita A, Arai N, Maehera T, Shimizu H, Tokumaru AM, Oda M. Focal Cortical Dysplasia. Appearance on MR images. Radiology. 1997;203:553–559
  16. Kuzniecky R, Garcia JH, Faught E, Morawetz RB. Cortical dysplasia in temporal lobe epilepsy (Magnetic resonance imaging correlations). Ann Neurol. 1991;29:293–298
  17. Barkovich AJ, Chuang SH. Unilateral megaloencephaly (Correlation of MR imaging and pathologic characteristics). Am J Neuroradiol. 1990;11:523–531
  18. Raymond AA, Fish DR, Sisodiya SM, Alsanjari N, Stevens JM, Shorvon SD. Abnormalities of gyration, heterotopias, tuberous sclerosis, focal cortical dysplasia, microdysgenesis, dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour and dysgenesis of the archicortex in epilepsy. Clinical, EEG and neuroimaging features in 100 adult patients. Brain. 1995;118:629–660
  19. Bronen RA, Vives KP, Kim JH, Fulbright RK, Spencer SS, Spencer DD. Focal cortical dysplasia of Taylor, balloon cell subtype (MR differentiation from low-grade tumors). Am J Neuroradiol. 1997;18:1141–1151
  20. Guerrini R, Dravet C, Raymond C, et al.  Epilepsy and focal gyral anomalies detected by MRI (Electroclinico-morphological correlations and follow-up). Dev Med Child Neurol. 1992;34:706–718
  21. Elias JM. Immunohistopathology. A practical approach to diagnosis. Chicago: Am Society of Clinical Pathologists, 1990:1–67.
  22. Becker LE. Synaptic dysgenesis. Can J Neurol Sci. 1991;18:170–180
  23. Jay V, Otsubo H, Hwang P, Hoffman HJ, Blaser S, Zielenska M. Coexistence of hemimegalencephaly and chronic encephalitis. Detection of cytomegalovirus by the polymerase chain reaction. Child Nerv Syst. 1997;13:35–41
  24. Barkovich AJ, Kjos BO. Non-lissencephalic cortical dysplasias (Correlation of imaging findings with clinical deficits). Am J Neuroradiol. 1992;13:95–103
  25. Kuzniecky R, Berkovic S, Andermann F, Melanson D, Olivier A, Robitaille Y. Focal cortical myoclonus and Rolandic cortical dysplasia (Clarification by MRI). Ann Neurol. 1988;23:317–325
  26. Kuzniecky R. Familial diffuse cortical dysplasia. Arch Neurol. 1994;51:307–310
  27. Kuzniecky R, Morawetz R, Faught E, Black L. Frontal and central lobe focal cortical dysplasia (clinical, EEG and imaging features). Dev Med Child Neurol. 1995;37:159–166
  28. Nowell MA, Grossman RI, Packer R, et al.  Focal cortical dysplasia on magnetic imaging (A case report). J Comput Tomogr. 1988;12:61–63
  29. Marchal G, Andermann F, Tampieri D, et al.  Generalized cortical dysplasia manifested by diffuse thick cortex. Arch Neurol. 1989;46:430–434
  30. Palmini A, Andermann F, Aicardi J, et al.  Diffuse cortical dysplasia, or the ‘double cortex’ syndrome (The clinical and epileptic spectrum in 10 patients). Neurology. 1991;41:1656–1662
  31. Saint Martin C, Adamsbaum C, Robain O, Chiron C, Kalifa G. An unusual presentation of focal cortical dysplasia. Am J Neuroradiol. 1995;16:840–842
  32. Palmini A, Andermann F, Olivier A, et al.  Focal neuronal migration disorders and intractable partial epilepsy (A study of 30 patients). Ann Neurol. 1991;30:741–749
  33. Kuzniecky R, Murro A, King D, et al.  Magnetic resonance imaging in childhood intractable partial epilepsies (Pathological correlations). Neurology. 1993;43:681–687
  34. Sankar R, Curran JG, Kevill JW, Rintahaka PJ, Shewmon DA, Vinter HV. Microscopic cortical dysplasia in infantile spasms (Evolution of white matter abnormalities). Am J Neuroradiol. 1995;16:1265–1272
  35. Gomez-Anson B, Thom M, Morab N, Stevens J, Scaravilli F. Imaging and radiological-pathological correlation in histologically proven cases of focal cortical dysplasia and other neuronoglial malformative lesions in adults. Neuroradiology. 2000;42:157–167
  36. Vital A, Marchal C, Loiseau H, et al.  Glial and neuronoglial malformative lesions associated with medically intractable epilepsy. Acta Neuropathol. 1994;87:196–201
  37. Vinters HV, De Rosa MJ, Farrell MA. Neuropathological study of resected cerebral tissue from patients with infantile spasms. Epilepsia. 1993;34:772–779
  38. Desbiens R, Berkovic SF, Dubeau F, et al.  Life threatening focal status epilepticus due to occult cortical dysplasia. Arch Neurol. 1993;50:695–700
  39. Meencke HJ, Janz D. The significance of microdysgenesis in primary generalized epilepsy (An answer to the considerations of Lyon and Gaustaut). Epilepsia. 1985;26:368–371
  40. Raymond AA, Fish DR, Stevens JM, Cook MJ, Sisodiya SM, Shorvon SD. Association of hippocampal sclerosis with cortical dysgenesis in patients with epilepsy. Neurology. 1994;44:1841–1845
  41. Otsubo H, Hwang PA, Jay V, et al.  Focal cortical dysplasia in children with localization-related epilepsy (EEG, MRI, and SPECT findings). Pediatr Neurol. 1993;9:101–107
  42. Barkovich AJ, Lindan CE. Congenital cytomegalovirus infection of the brain (Imaging analysis and embryologic considerations). Am J Neuroradiol. 1994;15:703–715
  43. Marques-Dias M, Harmant-van Rijckevorsel G, Landrieu C, Lyon G. Prenatal cytomegalovirus disease and microgyria (Evidence for perfusion failure, not disturbance of histogenesis, as the major cause of fetal cytomegalovirus encephalopathy). Neuropediatrics. 1984;15:18–24

PII: S0887-8994(01)00318-6

Pediatric Neurology
Volume 25, Issue 4 , Pages 295-303 , October 2001

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution