Pediatric Neurology
Volume 28, Issue 2 , Pages 119-125 , February 2003

Antistreptococcal, neuronal, and nuclear antibodies in Tourette syndrome

  • Christopher R Loiselle, BS

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
    • ,
  • John T Wendlandt, BS

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
    • ,
  • Charles A Rohde, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
    • ,
  • Harvey S Singer, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
    • Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCommunications should be addressed to: Dr. Singer; Johns Hopkins Hospital; Jefferson 124; 600 N. Wolfe St.; Baltimore, MD , USA21287

Received 26 March 2002 ,Accepted 8 August 2002.

References 

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  2. Muller N, Riedel M, Straube A, Gunther W, Wilske B. Increased anti-streptococcal antibodies in patients with Tourette syndrome. Psychiatry Res. 2000;94:43–49
  3. Muller N, Kroll B, Schwarz MJ, et al.  Increased titers of antibodies against streptococcal M12 and M19 proteins in patients with Tourette syndrome. Psychiatry Res. 2001;101:187–193
  4. Cardona F, Orefici G. Group A streptococcal infections and tic disorders in an Italian pediatric population. J Pediatr. 2001;138:71–75
  5. Singer HS, Giuliano JD, Hansen BH, et al.  Antibodies against human putamen in children with Tourette syndrome. Neurology. 1998;50:1618–1624
  6. Peterson BS, Leckman JF, Tucker D, et al.  Preliminary findings of antistreptococcal antibody titers and basal ganglia volumes in tic, obsessive-compulsive, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2000;57:364–372
  7. Morshed SA, Parveen S, Leckman JF, et al.  Antibodies against neural, nuclear, cytoskeletal, and streptococcal epitopes in children and adults with Tourette syndrome, Sydenham’s chorea, and autoimmune disorders. Biol Psychiatry. 2001;50:566–577
  8. The Tourette Syndrome Classification Study Group . Definitions and classification of tic disorders. Arch Neurol. 1993;50:1013–1016
  9. Singer HS, Giuliano JD, Hansen BH, et al.  Antibodies against a neuron-like (HTB-10 neuroblastoma) cell in children with Tourette syndrome. Biol Psychiatry. 1999;46:775–780
  10. Grad LR, Pelcovitz D, Olson M, Matthews M, Grad GJ. Obsessive-compulsive symptomatology in children with Tourette syndrome. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1987;26:69–73
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  12. Kaplan EL, Rothermel CD, Johnson DR. Antistreptolysin O and anti-deoxyribonuclease B titers (Normal values for children ages 2 to 12 in the United States). Pediatrics. 1998;101:86–88
  13. Kaplan EL, Gerber MA. Group A, group C, and group G beta hemolytic streptococcal infections. In:  Feigin RD,  Cherry JD editor. Textbook of pediatric infectious diseases. Phildelphia: W. B. Saunders; 1998;p. 1076–1088
  14. Kurlan R, McDermott MP, Deeley C, et al.  Prevalence of tics in schoolchildren and association with placement in special education. Neurology. 2001;57:1383–1388
  15. Kaplan EL, Anthony BF, Chapman SS, Ayoub EM, Wannamaker LW. The influence of the site of infection on the immune response to group A streptococci. J Clin Invest. 1970;49:1405–1414
  16. Renneberg J, Soderstrom M, Prellner K, Forsgren A, Christensen P. Age-related variations in anti-streptococcal antibody levels. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1989;8:792–795
  17. Kaplan EL, Top FH, Dudding BA, Wannamaker LW. Diagnosis of streptococcal pharyngitis (Differentiation of active infection from the carrier state in the symptomatic child). J Infect Dis. 1971;123:490–501
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PII: S0887-8994(02)00507-6

doi: 10.1016/S0887-8994(02)00507-6

Pediatric Neurology
Volume 28, Issue 2 , Pages 119-125 , February 2003

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