Intracranial pressure changes during intermittent CSF drainage

Abstract 

Premature very-low-birth-weight infants with posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus are often managed with intermittent cerebrospinal fluid drainage from a ventricular reservoir. There are little data regarding intracranial pressure changes during intermittent drainage to determine the amount and frequency of cerebrospinal fluid removal or to determine the correct resistance of future programmable shunts. The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of using a commercially available intracranial pressure transducer to measure changes in pressure associated with this procedure. Continuous intracranial pressure was measured in three infants with a transducer placed at the time of ventricular reservoir insertion. Daily reservoir taps began 48 hours after placement and intracranial pressure was monitored for 7 days. Intracranial pressure before the initial tap was comparable to levels previously reported as normal. The daily removal of 10 cc/kg of cerebrospinal fluid was sufficient to lower intracranial pressure below baseline, however it was associated with wide swings in pressure and, in one patient, sustained negative pressure. The use of direct intracranial pressure monitoring may be useful in determining the optimal amount and frequency of cerebrospinal drainage from infants with posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus managed with a ventricular reservoir, as well as determining resistance settings of subsequent programmable shunts.