Pediatric Neurology
Volume 34, Issue 1 , Pages 25-29 , January 2006

TNF-α and IL-6 in the Diagnosis of Bacterial and Aseptic Meningitis in Children

  • Adriana O. Mukai, MD

      Affiliations

    • Taubaté University, São Paulo, Brazil
    • Corresponding Author InformationCommunications should be addressed to: Dr. Mukai; Rua Eduardo Prates da Fonseca; 407 – Parque São Domingos; Pindamonhangaba; São Paulo, Brazil CEP: 12410-290
    • ,
  • Vera L.J. Krebs, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pediatrics, São Paulo University School of Medicine, Brazil
    • ,
  • Ciro J. Bertoli, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Taubaté University, São Paulo, Brazil
    • ,
  • Thelma S. Okay, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pediatrics, São Paulo University School of Medicine, Brazil

Received 8 March 2005 ,Accepted 6 June 2005.

References 

  1. Seki T , Joh K , Oh-Ishi T . Augmented production of interleukin-8 in cerebrospinal fluid in bacterial meningitis . Immunol . 1993;80:333–335
  2. Waage A , Brandtzaeg P , Halstensen A , Kierulf P , Espevik T . The complex pattern of cytokines in serum from patients with meningococcal septic shock . J Exp Med . 1989;169:333–338
  3. Mustafa MM , Ramilo O , Mertsola J , et al.   Modulation of inflammation and cachectin activity in relation to treatment of experimental Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis . J Infect Dis . 1989;160:818–825
  4. Ramilo O , Sáez-Llorens X , Mertsola J , et al.   Tumor necrosis factor-alpha/cachectin and interleukin-1beta initiate meningeal inflammation . J Exp Med . 1990;172:497–507
  5. Mustafa MM , Lebel MH , Ramilo O , et al.   Correlation of interleukin-1 beta and cachectin concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid and outcome from bacterial meningitis . J Pediat . 1989;115:208–213
  6. Feigin RD , Pealrman E . Bacterial meningitis beyond the neonatal period . In:  Feigin RD ,  Cherry JD editor. Textbook of pediatric infectious diseases . 4th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 1998;p. 400–429
  7. Cherry JD . Aseptic meningitis and viral meningitis . In:  Feigin RD ,  Cherry JD editor. Textbook of pediatric infectious diseases . 4th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 1998;p. 450–457
  8. Schuchat A , Robinson K , Wenger JD , et al.   Bacterial meningitis in the United States in 1995 . N Engl J Med . 1997;337:970–976
  9. Böttner A , Daneschnejad S , Handrick W , Schuster V , Liebert UG , Kiess W . A season of aseptic meningitis in Germany (Epidemiologic, clinical and diagnostic aspects) . Pediatr Infect Dis . 2002;21:1126–1132
  10. Sato M , Hosoya M , Honzumi K , et al.   Cytokine and cellular inflammatory sequence in enteroviral meningitis . Pediatrics . 2003;112:1103–1107
  11. Dalal I , Tzhori S , Somekh E , Mandelberg A , Levine A , Ballin A . Cytokine profile in cerebrospinal fluid of children with echovirus type 4 meningitis . Pediatr Neurol . 2003;29:312–316
  12. Faria SM , Farhat CK . Bacterial meningitis—diagnosis and treatment . J Pediatr (Rio J) . 1999;75(Suppl. 1):546–556
  13. Oliveira A , Simão ACM , Nascimento LFC . Profile of patients with meningitis admitted in a pediatric ward . Rev Paul Pediatr . 2004;22:89–94
  14. Glimäker RM , Kragsbjerg P , Forsgren M , Olcén P . Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with meningitis of different etiologies (High levels of TNF-α indicate bacterial meningitis) . J Infect Dis . 1993;16:882–889
  15. Tsai ML , Chen WC , Wang YC , Hung KL . Cerebrospinal fluid interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in children with central nervous system infection . Zhonghua Min Guo Xiao Er Ke Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi . 1996;37:16–21
  16. Kornelisse RF , Savelkoul HFJ , Mulder PHG , et al.   Interleukin-10 and soluble Tumor Necrosis Factor receptors in cerebrospinal fluid of children with bacterial meningitis . J Infect Dis . 1996;173:1498–1502
  17. Jain M , Aneja S , Mehta G , Ray GN , Batra S , Randhava VS . CSF interleukin-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and free radicals production in relation to clinical outcome in acute bacterial meningitis . Indian Pediatr . 2000;37:608–614
  18. Krebs VLJ , Okay TS , Okay Y , Vaz FAC . Tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 in the cerebrospinal fluid of newborn with meningitis . Arq Neuropsiquiatr . 2005;63(1):7–13
  19. Ohga S , Aoki T , Okada K , et al.   Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of interleukin-1β, tumour necrosis factor-α, and interferon gamma in bacterial meningitis . Arch Dis Child . 1994;70:123–125
  20. Azuma H , Tsuda N , Sasaki K , Okuno A . Clinical significance of cytokine measurement for detection of meningitis . J Pediatr . 1997;131:463–465
  21. López-Cortés LF , Marquez-Arbizu R , Jimenez-Jimenez LM , et al.   Cerebrospinal fluid tumor necrosis factor-α interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8 as diagnostic markers of cerebrospinal fluid infection in neurosurgical patients . Crit Care Med . 2000;28:215–219
  22. Tang RB , Lee BH , Chung RL , Chen SJ , Wong TT . Interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α in cerebrospinal fluid of children with bacterial meningitis . Child’s Nerv Syst . 2001;17:453–456
  23. Matsuzono Y , Narita M , Akutsu Y , Togashi T . Interleukin-6 in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with central nervous system infections . Acta Paediatr . 1995;84:879–883
  24. Aiba H , Mochizuki M , Kimura M , Hojo H . Predictive value of serum interleukin-6 level in influenza virus-associated encephalopathy . Neurology . 2001;57:295–299
  25. Rusconi F , Parizzi F , Garlaschi L , et al.   Interleukin-6 activity in infants and children with bacterial meningitis. The Collaborative Study on Meningitis . Pediatr Infect Dis J . 1991;10:117–121
  26. Dulkerian SJ , Kilpatrick L , Costarino AT , et al.   Cytokine elevations in infant with bacterial and aseptic meningitis . J Pediatr . 1995;126:872–876
  27. Paul R , Koedel U , Winkler F , et al.   Lack of IL-6 augments inflammatory response but decreases vascular permeability in bacterial meningitis . Brain . 2003;126:1873–1882
  28. Kleine TO , Zwerenz P , Zöfel P , Shiratori K . New and old diagnostic markers of meningitis in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) . Brain Res Bulletin . 2003;61:287–297
  29. Low PS , Lee BW , Yap HK , et al.   Inflammatory response in bacterial meningitis (Cytokine levels in the cerebrospinal fluid) . Ann Trop Paediatr . 1995;15:55–59
  30. Nadal D , Leppert D , Frei K , Gallo P , Lamche H , Fontana A . Tumor necrosis factor-α in infectious meningitis . Arch Dis Child . 1989;64:1274–1279
  31. Täuber MG , Moser B . Cytokines and chemokines in meningeal inflammation (Biology and clinical implications) . Clin Infect Dis . 1999;28:1–12
  32. Lin T-Y , Hsia S-H , Huang Y-C , Wu C-T , Chang L-Y . Proinflammatory cytokine reactions in enterovirus 71 infections of the central nervous system . Clin Infect Dis . 2003;36:269–274

PII: S0887-8994(05)00284-5

doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2005.06.003

Pediatric Neurology
Volume 34, Issue 1 , Pages 25-29 , January 2006

Article Tools