Pediatric Neurology
Volume 36, Issue 4 , Pages 253-257 , April 2007

Childhood Status Epilepticus and Excitotoxic Neuronal Injury

  • Tammy N. Tsuchida, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
    • Corresponding Author InformationCommunications should be addressed to: Dr. Tsuchida; Children’s National Medical Center; 111 Michigan Ave. NW; Washington, DC 20008.
    • ,
  • A. James Barkovich, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
    • ,
  • Andrew W. Bollen, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
    • ,
  • Amy P. Hart, MD

      Affiliations

    • Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, City and County of San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
    • ,
  • Donna M. Ferriero, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California

Received 18 January 2006 ,Accepted 4 December 2006.

References 

  1. Treiman D. Status epilepticus. In:  Wyllie E editors. The treatment of epilepsy: Principles and practice. 3rd ed.. Philadelphia: Lippincott: Williams & Wilkins; 2001;p. 682–683
  2. Holmes GL. Seizure-induced neuronal injury: Animal data. Neurology. 2002;59(9 Suppl 5):S3–S6
  3. Lansberg MG, O’Brien MW, Norbash AM, Moseley ME, Morrell M, Albers GW. MRI abnormalities associated with partial status epilepticus. Neurology. 1999;52:1021–1027
  4. Men S, Lee DH, Barron JR, Munoz DG. Selective neuronal necrosis associated with status epilepticus: MR findings. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2000;21:1837–1840
  5. Kim JA, Chung JI, Yoon PH, et al. Transient MR signal changes in patients with generalized tonicoclonic seizure or status epilepticus: Periictal diffusion-weighted imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2001;22:1149–1160
  6. Soffer D, Melamed E, Assaf Y, Cotev S. Hemispheric brain damage in unilateral status epilepticus. Ann Neurol. 1986;20:737–740
  7. Nixon J, Bateman D, Moss T. An MRI and neuropathological study of a case of fatal status epilepticus. Seizure. 2001;10:588–591
  8. Leifer D, Cole DG, Kowall NW. Neuropathologic asymmetries in the brain of a patient with a unilateral status epilepticus. J Neurol Sci. 1991;103:127–135
  9. Fujikawa D, Itabashi HH, Wu A, Shinmei SS. Status epilepticus-induced neuronal loss in humans without systemic complications or epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2000;41:981–991
  10. Tan N, Urich H. Postictal cerebral hemiatrophy: With a contribution to the problem of crossed cerebellar atrophy. Acta Neuropathol (Berl). 1984;62:332–339
  11. Vosskamper M, Schachenmayr W. Cerebral hemiatrophy: A clinicopathological report of two cases with a contribution to pathogenesis and differential diagnosis. Clin Neuropathol. 1990;9:244–250
  12. Lazeyras F, Blanke O, Zimine I, Delavelle J, Perrig SH, Seeck M. MRI1H-MRS, and functional MRI during and after prolonged nonconvulsive seizure activity. Neurology. 2000;55:1677–1682
  13. Worrell GA, Sencakova D, Jack CR, Flemming KD, Fulgham JR, So EL. Rapidly progressive hippocampal atrophy: Evidence for a seizure-induced mechanism. Neurology. 2002;58:1553–1556
  14. Tien R, Felsberg G. The hippocampus in status epilepticus: Demonstration of signal intensity and morphologic changes with sequential fast spin-echo MR imaging. Radiology. 1995;194:249–256
  15. Nohria V, Lee N, Tien RD, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging evidence of hippocampal sclerosis in progression: A case report. Epilepsia. 1994;35:1332–1336
  16. Fuerst D, Shah J, Shah A, Watson C. Hippocampal sclerosis is a progressive disorder: A longitudinal volumetric MRI study. Ann Neurol. 2003;53:413–416
  17. Hermann B, Seidenberg M, Bell B, et al. The neurodevelopmental impact of childhood-onset temporal lobe epilepsy on brain structure and function. Epilepsia. 2002;43:1062–1071
  18. Jokeit H, Ebner A. Long term effects of refractory temporal lobe epilepsy on cognitive abilities: A cross sectional study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1999;67:44–50
  19. Nadler JV, Perry BW, Cotman CW. Intraventricular kainic acid preferentially destroys hippocampal pyramidal cells. Nature. 1978;271:676–677
  20. McDonald JW, Silverstein FS, Cardona D, Hudson C, Chen R, Johnston MV. Systemic administration of MK-801 protects against N-methyl-d-aspartate- and quisqualate-mediated neurotoxicity in perinatal rats. Neuroscience. 1990;36:589–599
  21. Carlson H, Ronne-Engstrom E, Ungerstedt U, Hillered L. Seizure related elevations of extracellular amino acids in human focal epilepsy. Neurosci Lett. 1992;140:30–32
  22. Millan MH, Chapman AG, Meldrum BS. Extracellular amino acid levels in hippocampus during pilocarpine-induced seizures. Epilepsy Res. 1993;14:139–148

PII: S0887-8994(06)00723-5

doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2006.12.005

Pediatric Neurology
Volume 36, Issue 4 , Pages 253-257 , April 2007

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution