Pediatric Neurology
Volume 38, Issue 5 , Pages 314-320 , May 2008

Narcolepsy in Children: A Single-Center Clinical Experience

Received 12 September 2007 ,Accepted 28 December 2007.

References 

  1. Gibson ES, Powles AC, Thabane L, et al. “Sleepiness” is serious in adolescence: Two surveys of 3235 Canadian students. BMC Public Health. 2006;6:116
  2. Drake C, Nickel C, Burduvali E, Roth T, Jefferson C, Pietro B. The pediatric daytime sleepiness scale (PDSS): Sleep habits and school outcomes in middle-school children. Sleep. 2003;26:455–458
  3. Wise MS, Lynch J. Narcolepsy in children. Semin Pediatr Neurol. 2001;8:198–206
  4. Shur-Fen Gau S. Prevalence of sleep problems and their association with inattention/hyperactivity among children aged 6-15 in Taiwan. J Sleep Res. 2006;15:403–414
  5. Liu X, Buysse DJ, Gentzler AL, et al. Insomnia and hypersomnia associated with depressive phenomenology and comorbidity in childhood depression. Sleep. 2007;30:83–90
  6. Guilleminault C, Pelayo R. Narcolepsy in children: A practical guide to its diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Paediatr Drugs. 2000;2:1–9
  7. Ohayon MM, Ferini-Strambi L, Plazzi G, Smirne S, Castronovo V. How age influences the expression of narcolepsy. J Psychosom Res. 2005;59:399–405
  8. Dahl RE, Holttum J, Trubnick L. A clinical picture of child and adolescent narcolepsy. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1994;33:834–841
  9. Yoss RE, Daly DD. Narcolepsy in children. Pediatrics. 1960;25:1025–1033
  10. American Academy of Sleep Medicine. The international classification of sleep disorders diagnostic and coding manual. Westchester, IL: American Academy of Sleep Medicine; 2005;
  11. Guilleminault C, Stoohs R, Clerk A, Cetel M, Maistros P. A cause of excessive daytime sleepiness (The upper airway resistance syndrome). Chest. 1993;104:781–787
  12. Pennestri MH, Whittom S, Adam B, Petit D, Carrier J, Montplaisir J. PLMS and PLMW in healthy subjects as a function of age: Prevalence and interval distribution. Sleep. 2006;29:1183–1187
  13. Littner MR, Kushida C, Wise M, et al. Practice parameters for clinical use of the multiple sleep latency test and the maintenance of wakefulness test. Sleep. 2005;28:113–121
  14. Arand D, Bonnet M, Hurwitz T, Mitler M, Rosa R, Sangal RB. The clinical use of the MSLT and MWT. Sleep. 2005;28:123–144
  15. Wyatt JK. Delayed sleep phase syndrome: Pathophysiology and treatment options. Sleep. 2004;27:1195–1203
  16. Aldrich MS. Narcolepsy. Neurology. 1992;42:34–43
  17. Chemelli RM, Willie JT, Sinton CM, et al. Narcolepsy in orexin knockout mice: Molecular genetics of sleep regulation. Cell. 1999;98:437–451
  18. Peyron C, Faraco J, Rogers W, et al. A mutation in a case of early onset narcolepsy and a generalized absence of hypocretin peptides in human narcoleptic brains. Nat Med. 2000;6:991–997
  19. Buskova J, Vaneckova M, Sonka K, Seidl Z, Nevsimalova S. Reduced hypothalamic gray matter in narcolepsy with cataplexy. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2006;27:769–772
  20. Silber MH, Rye DB. Solving the mysteries of narcolepsy: The hypocretin story. Neurology. 2001;56:1616–1618
  21. Mignot E, Young T, Lin L, Finn L. Nocturnal sleep and daytime sleepiness in normal subjects with HLA-DQB1*0602. Sleep. 1999;22:347–352
  22. Nishino S, Ripley B, Overeem S, et al. Low cerebrospinal fluid hypocretin (orexin) and altered energy homeostasis in human narcolepsy. Ann Neurol. 2001;50:381–388
  23. Krahn LE, Pankratz VS, Oliver L, Boeve BF, Silber MH. Hypocretin (orexin) levels in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with narcolepsy: Relationship to cataplexy and HLA DQB1*0602 status. Sleep. 2002;25:733–736
  24. Kanbavashi T, Inoue Y, Chiba S, et al. CSF hypocretin-1 (orexin-A) concentrations in narcolepsy with and without cataplexy and idiopathic hypersomnia. J Sleep Res. 2002;11:91–93
  25. Kotagal S, Hartse KM, Walsh JK. Characteristics of narcolepsy in preteenaged children. Pediatrics. 1990;85:205–209
  26. Singh M, Drake CL, Roth T. The prevalence of multiple sleep-onset REM periods in a population-based sample. Sleep. 2006;29:890–895
  27. Aldrich MS, Chervin RD, Malow BA. Value of the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) for the diagnosis of narcolepsy. Sleep. 1997;20:620–629
  28. Han F, Chen E, Wei H, et al. Childhood narcolepsy in north China. Sleep. 2001;24:321–324
  29. Morrish E, King MA, Smith IE, Shneerson JM. Factors associated with a delay in the diagnosis of narcolepsy. Sleep Med. 2004;5:37–41
  30. Reimao R, Lemmi H. Narcolepsy in childhood and adolescence. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 1991;49:260–264
  31. Allsopp MR, Zaiwalla Z. Narcolepsy. Arch Dis Child. 1992;67:302–306
  32. Guilleminault C, Pelayo R. Narcolepsy in prepubertal children. Ann Neurol. 1998;43:135–142
  33. Young D, Zorick F, Wittig R, Roehrs T, Roth T. Narcolepsy in a pediatric population. Am J Dis Child. 1988;142:210–213
  34. Challamel MJ, Mazzola ME, Nevsimalova S, Cannard C, Louis J, Revol M. Narcolepsy in children. Sleep. 1994;17(Suppl.):S17–S20
  35. Marcus CL, Carroll JL, Koerner CB, Hamer A, Lutz J, Loughlin GM. Determinants of growth in children with the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. J Pediatr. 1994;125:556–562
  36. Gozal D. Sleep-disordered breathing and school performance in children. Pediatrics. 1998;102:616–620
  37. Simakajornboon N, Gozal D, Vlasic V, Mack C, Sharon D, McGinley BM. Periodic limb movements in sleep and iron status in children. Sleep. 2003;26:735–738
  38. Goodwin JL, Kaemingk KL, Fregosi RF, et al. Parasomnias and sleep disordered breathing in Caucasian and Hispanic children—The Tucson Children's Assessment of Sleep Apnea Study. BMC Med. 2004;2:14
  39. Guilleminault C, Kirisoglu C, da Rosa AC, Lopes C, Chan A. Sleepwalking, a disorder of NREM sleep instability. Sleep Med. 2006;7:163–170
  40. Moore M, Allison D, Rosen CL. A review of pediatric nonrespiratory sleep disorders. Chest. 2006;130:1252–1262
  41. Nevsimalova S, Prihodova I, Kemlink D, Lin L, Mignot E. REM behavior disorder (RBD) can be one of the first symptoms of childhood narcolepsy. Sleep Med. 2007;8:784–786
  42. Kuczmarski RJ, Ogden CL, Grummer-Strawn LM, et al. CDC growth charts: United States. Adv Data. 2000;314:1–27
  43. Vgontzas AN, Bixler EO, Chrousos GP. Obesity-related sleepiness and fatigue: The role of the stress system and cytokines. Ann NY Acad Sci. 2006;1083:329–344
  44. Thorpy M. Therapeutic advances in narcolepsy. Sleep Med. 2007;8:427–440
  45. Robinson DM, Keating GM. Sodium oxybate: A review of its use in the management of narcolepsy. CNS Drugs. 2007;21:337–354

PII: S0887-8994(08)00014-3

doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2007.12.010

Pediatric Neurology
Volume 38, Issue 5 , Pages 314-320 , May 2008