Pediatric Neurology
Volume 42, Issue 3 , Pages 206-212 , March 2010

Paralytic Syndromes in Children: Epidemiology and Relationship to Vaccination

  • Kenneth M. Zangwill, MD

      Affiliations

    • UCLA Center for Vaccine Research, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCommunications should be addressed to: Dr. Zangwill; Harbor-UCLA Medical Center; Liu Research Building; 1124 West Carson St.; Torrance, CA 90502.
    • ,
  • Sylvia H. Yeh, MD

      Affiliations

    • UCLA Center for Vaccine Research, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
    • ,
  • Emily J. Wong, MD

      Affiliations

    • UCLA Center for Vaccine Research, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
    • ,
  • S. Michael Marcy, MD

      Affiliations

    • UCLA Center for Vaccine Research, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
    • Southern California Kaiser Permanente Health Care Plan, Los Angeles, CA
    • ,
  • Eileen Eriksen, MPH

      Affiliations

    • UCLA Center for Vaccine Research, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
    • ,
  • Kenneth R. Huff, MD

      Affiliations

    • Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
    • ,
  • Martin Lee, PhD

      Affiliations

    • UCLA Center for Vaccine Research, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
    • ,
  • Edwin M. Lewis, MPH

      Affiliations

    • Kaiser Vaccine Study Center, Oakland, CA
    • ,
  • Steven B. Black, MD

      Affiliations

    • Center for Global Child Health; Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio
    • ,
  • Joel I. Ward, MD

      Affiliations

    • UCLA Center for Vaccine Research, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA

Received 2 July 2009 ,Accepted 26 October 2009.

References 

  1. Advisory Committee on Immunization PracticesCenters for Disease Control and Prevention. Poliomyelitis prevention in the United States: introduction of a sequential vaccination schedule of inactivated poliovirus vaccine followed by oral poliovirus vaccine. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). [Erratum in: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1997;46:183] MMWR Recomm Rep. 1997;46(RR-3):1–25
  2. Schonberger LB, Bregman DJ, Sullivan-Bolyai JZ, et al. Guillain-Barré syndrome following vaccination in the National Influenza Immunization Program, United States, 1976-1977. Am J Epidemiol. 1979;110:105–123
  3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Update: Guillain-Barré syndrome among recipients of Menactra meningococcal conjugate vaccine: United States, June 2005-September 2006. [Erratum in: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2006;55:1177] MMWR Morb Mortal wkly Rep. 2006;55:1120–1124
  4. Kew OM, Sutter RW, de Gourville EM, Dowdle WR, Pallansch MA. Vaccine-derived polioviruses and the endgame strategy for global polio eradication. Ann Rev Microbiol. 2005;59:587–635
  5. Alexander LN, Seward JF, Santibanez TA, et al. Vaccine policy changes and epidemiology of poliomyelitis in the United States. JAMA. 2004;292:1696–1701
  6. Nachamkin I, Shadomy SV, Moran AP, et al. Anti-ganglioside antibody induction by swine (A/NJ/1976/H1N1) and other influenza vaccine: insights into vaccine-associated Guillain-Barré syndrome. J Infect Dis. 2008;198:226–233
  7. World Health Organization. Global Polio Eradication Initiative. 2006 Annual Report. Geneva: WHO Press; 2007;[Available at: http://www.polioeradication.org/content/publications/annualreport2006.asp
  8. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Poliovirus infections in four unvaccinated children: Minnesota, August-October 2005. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2005;54:1053–1055
  9. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Imported vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis: United States, 2005. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2006;(55):97–99
  10. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Poliomyelitis prevention in the United States. Updated recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep. 2000;49(RR-5):1–22
  11. Prevots D, Sutter R, Strebel P, Weibel R, Cochi S. Completeness of reporting for paralytic poliomyelitis, United States, 1980-1991. Implications for estimating the risk of vaccine-associated disease. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1994;148:479–485
  12. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Resurgence of wild poliovirus type 1 transmission and consequences of importation: 21 countries, 2002-2005. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2006;55:145–150
  13. Chen RT, DeStefano F, Davis RL, et al. The Vaccine Safety Datalink: immunization research in health maintenance organizations in the USA. Bull World Health Organ. 2000;78:186–194
  14. DeStefano F. Vaccine Safety Datalink Research Group. The Vaccine Safety Datalink project. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2001;10:403–406
  15. Henderson DA, Witte JJ, Morris L, Langmuir AD. Paralytic disease associated with oral polio vaccines. JAMA. 1964;190:41–48
  16. D'Souza RM. Retrospective hospital-based searches for cases of acute flaccid paralysis. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2002;26:45–49
  17. Fiore L, Novello F, Simeon P, et al. Afp Study Group. Surveillance of acute flaccid paralysis in Italy: 1996-1997. Eur J Epidemiol. 1999;15:757–763
  18. Morris AM, Elliott EJ, D'Souza RM, Antony J, Kennett M, Longbottom H. Acute flaccid paralysis in Australian children. J Paediatr Child Health. 2003;39:22–26
  19. Oostvogel PM, Spaendonck MA, Hirasing RA, van Loon AM. Surveillance of acute flaccid paralysis in the Netherlands, 1992-94. Bull World Health Organ. 1998;76:55–62
  20. Arnon SS, Schechter R, Maslanka SE, Jewell NP, Hatheway CL. Human botulism immune globulin for the treatment of infant botulism. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:462–471
  21. Orloski KA, Hayes EB, Campbell GL, Dennis DT. Surveillance for Lyme disease: United States, 1992-1998. MMWR CDC Surveill Summ. 2000;49:1–11
  22. World Health Organization. Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance. the surveillance strategy for poliomyelitis eradication. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 1998;73:113–120
  23. Marx A, Glass JD, Sutter RW. Differential diagnosis of acute flaccid paralysis and its role in poliomyelitis surveillance. Epidemiol Rev. 2000;22:298–316
  24. de Quadros CA, Hersh BS, Olivé JM, Andrus JK, da Silveira CM, Carrasco PA. Eradication of wild poliovirus from the Americas: acute flaccid paralysis surveillance, 1988-1995. J Infect Dis. 1997;175(Suppl. 1):S37–S42
  25. Prevots DR, Sutter RW. Assessment of Guillain-Barré syndrome mortality and morbidity in the United States: implications for acute flaccid paralysis surveillance. J Infect Dis. 1997;175(Suppl. 1):S151–S155
  26. Koobatian TJ, Birkhead GS, Schramm MM, Vogt RL. The use of hospital discharge data for public health surveillance of Guillain-Barré syndrome. Ann Neurol. 1991;30:619–621
  27. Sejvar JJ, Leis AA, Stokic DS, et al. Acute flaccid paralysis and West Nile virus infection. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003;9:788–793
  28. Grimwood K, Huang QS, Sadleir LG, et al. Acute flaccid paralysis from echovirus type 33 infection. J Clin Microbiol. 2003;41:2230–2232
  29. Chaves SS, Lobo S, Kennett M, Black J. Coxsackie virus A24 infection presenting as acute flaccid paralysis. Lancet. 2001;357:605
  30. Strebel PM, Sutter RW, Cochi SL, et al. Epidemiology of poliomyelitis in the United States one decade after the last reported case of indigenous wild virus-associated disease. Clin Infect Dis. 1992;14:568–579
  31. World Health Organization. Global Polio Eradication Initiative: strategic plan 2010-2012. Draft framework document, November 2009 [Available at http://www.polioeradication.org/POW.2010-2012.asp].
  32. World Health Organization. Conclusions and recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Poliomyelitis Eradication, Geneva, 27-28 November 2007. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2008;83:25–35
  33. De Jesus NH . Epidemics to eradication: the modern history of poliomyelitis. Virol J. 2007;4:70
  34. Chumakov K, Ehrenfeld E, Wimmer E, Agol VI. Vaccination against polio should not be stopped. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2007;5:952–958

PII: S0887-8994(09)00526-8

doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2009.10.012

Pediatric Neurology
Volume 42, Issue 3 , Pages 206-212 , March 2010

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution